Click here for the Home Page

Rosalynn Voaden

Research Fellow in Medieval Literature
Saint Anne's College, Oxford, United Kingdom 
Camargo Foundation Fellowship: 1997 - Winter-Spring

Project: A comparative study of four medieval visionaries. The purpose of this work is to explore the influence of gender and historical context on the articulation of visionary experience, and on its reception. The study considers the lives and works of Hildegard of Bingen (d. 1179), Robert d'Uzès (d. 1296), John of Rupecissa (d. 1365), and Bridget of Sweden (d. 1373). There is particular merit in comparing these four visionaries, since it is known that Robert of Uzès, a Dominican who preached in Languedoc and Provence, read, and was profoundly influenced by the works of Hildegard, known as the «Rhineland Sibyl.» In turn, Robert's writings affected John of Rupecissa, a controversial Franciscan prophet from Aurillac who probably ended his days in the Sultan's Prison in Avignon. Controversial or not, John was read by Bridget of Sweden, who may also have known of Robert's works directly, and who had certainly read Hildegard. Each of those visionaries was influential in her or his own time as a political prophet. Although, of course, the historical context differed for each of them, they all directed their considerable spiritual energies towards reforming the Church, and attacked clerical corruption with burning zeal. This study considers the style and content of specific visions by each of the prophets, and finds significant commonalities of language and imagery. It also examines the lives of each visionary, and the contemporary reception of their works. The general conclusion of the study is that although there are instances of imagery that can be attributed to the gender of the visionary, in the articulation of political prophecy gender seems to have had surprisingly little influence. Similarly, in the reception of the prophets and their works, factors such as class, economic status and willingness to negotiate with ecclesiastical authority seem to have had a more significant effect than gender alone.